Researchers have found that an enzyme on the surface of some lung cancer cells helps feed the cancer, making it a tempting treatment target.

The enzyme, transmembrane serine protease 11B (TMPRSS11B) is described in a report published in the journal Cell Reports. In addition to being found in squamous cell lung cancer and prostate cancer, the enzyme also has been identified in squamous cell head, neck, and cervical cancers, said the senior author.

The team identified TMPRSS11B while searching for genes that can convert precancerous lung cells into malignant cells that can form tumors.

"In this study, we found that the enzyme strongly promoted the growth of certain types of lung cancer cells. We uncovered a new mechanism that expands our understanding of how cancer cells reprogram their metabolism to provide energy for rapid growth as they form tumors," the author said.

The researchers noticed that the enzyme was expressed at increased levels in human squamous cell lung cancers - a common type of non-small cell lung cancer - and that suppressing the levels of TMPRSS11B through gene editing or RNA interference reduced tumor growth in mouse models.

The research focused on TMPRSS11B's ability to encourage the movement of lactate, a byproduct of cell metabolism long thought to be a waste product. Previous research found that, in fact, lactate provides fuel for growing tumors.

The study describes how TMPRSS11B helps two other cell components – Basigin, an obligate chaperone and lactate monocarboxylate transporter, MCT4 - move lactate out of cancer cells to promote tumor growth. Basigin release mediated by TMPRSS11B enhances lactate export and glycolytic metabolism, thereby promoting tumorigenesis. 

"Tumors make and consume large quantities of lactate," said first author of the study. "Transport of this nutrient impacts disease progression in lung cancer. We found that some lung tumors enlist the help of TMPRSS11B to assist in lactate transport to facilitate tumor growth."

"In addition to providing fuel, it is thought that lactate can suppress the immune system. Investigating whether this enzyme can influence the immune system's ability to attack tumors will be an important direction for future research the senior author said.

The senor author also pointed out that TMPRSS11B sits on the cancer cell's surface, where it acts as an enzyme encouraging lactate export, making it a possible target for antibody or small molecule therapy.

The lab will next perform more detailed studies to better understand how the enzyme promotes lactate export and begin to explore strategies to inhibit TMPRSS11B for therapeutic purposes. Because most healthy cells appear to lack TMPRSS11B, a treatment that targets the protein may have fewer toxic side effects in cancer patients, she added.

"In TMPRSS11B, we have the perfect cancer drug target - it's accessible on the tumor cell surface, it's selective for cancer cells, blocking it both inhibits the cancer growth and sets the stage for developing better immunity against the cancer, and its presence makes it a diagnostic for which patients to treat," added a co-author on the study.

https://www.utsouthwestern.edu/newsroom/articles/year-2018/enzyme-lung-cancer.html

https://www.cell.com/cell-reports/fulltext/S2211-1247(18)31722-4

http://sciencemission.com/site/index.php?page=news&type=view&id=publications%2Ftransmembrane-protease&filter=22