“Look at me!” we might say while attempting to engage our children. It turns out there is a neurochemical explanation for why looking at mom or dad actually helps kiddoes pay better attention.
In a paper published in the journal Science Advances, authors report that norepinephrine, a fundamental chemical for brain performance, is locally regulated in a brain region called the visual cortex.
“Before our study, research suggested the possibility of local regulation of norepinephrine release, but it had never been directly demonstrated,” said the study senior author.
Norepinephrine is known to be involved in paying attention. “A certain amount of this chemical needs to be released for optimum brain performance and ability to pay attention,” the author said. “So, if there is either too much of it or too little of it, it may affect how we process information.”
Disease states in which norepinephrine is known to be altered include substance use disorders, Alzheimer’s disease, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). In some substance use, Alzheimer’s and ADHD, the release of norepinephrine is reduced, resulting in lower attention. In other substance use and PTSD, the level is too high.
The team’s findings also extend to cells called astrocytes that function as helper cells in the brain and central nervous system.
“When a person makes a movement, such as turning the head to listen to a parent, and that is combined with visual stimulation, then more norepinephrine is released where visual information is processed,” the author said. “Our second finding, also important, is that astrocytes can reliably detect the rate of norepinephrine release.”
They are sensitive to it, in other words. Astrocytes alter their response accordingly, which is expected to change brain performance.
"Understanding norepinephrine release, its local regulation and the astrocyte response may represent a mechanism by which one could enhance sensory-specific attention," the author said. Research will continue in that direction.
https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/sciadv.abk1378
http://sciencemission.com/site/index.php?page=news&type=view&id=publications%2Fnoradrenergic-terminal&filter=22
Norepinephrine release in brain tied to processing of imagery, cells' activation
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