A new therapy for influenza virus infections that may also prove effective against many other pathogenic virus infections, including HIV and COVID-19, has been developed by scientists.

In an average year, more than 2 million people in the United States are hospitalized with the flu, and 30,000 to 80,000 of them die from the flu or related complications.

The team's work is detailed in Nature Communications and uses a targeted therapy approach against the virus infections.

"We target all of the antiviral drugs we develop specifically to virus-infected cells," said the senior author. "That way, we treat the diseased cells without harming healthy cells. We use this capability to deliver immune-activating drugs selectively into flu-infected cells. There is also the potential that this therapy will prove efficacious in people infected with COVID-19."

The flu virus, like many other pathogenic viruses, exports its proteins into its host cell surface and then buds off nascent viruses in the process of spreading to adjacent host cells. Because these exported viral proteins are not present in the membranes of healthy host cells, the team has exploited the presence of viral proteins in infected cells by designing homing molecules that target drugs specifically to virus-infected cells, thereby avoiding the collateral toxicity that occurs when antiviral drugs are taken up by uninfected cells.

The authors designed and synthesized a bifunctional small molecule by conjugating the neuraminidase inhibitor, zanamivir, with the highly immunogenic hapten, dinitrophenyl (DNP), which specifically targets the surface of free virus and viral-infected cells.

They show that this leads to simultaneous inhibition of virus release, and immune-mediated elimination of both free virus and virus-infected cells. Intranasal or intraperitoneal administration of a single dose of drug to mice infected with 100x MLD₅₀ virus is shown to eradicate advanced infections from representative strains of both influenza A and B viruses. Since treatments of severe infections remain effective up to three days post lethal inoculation, the approach may successfully treat infections refractory to current therapies.

"We chose to start our tests with influenza virus because the results can often be applied to other enveloped viruses," the author said. "Our lab tests show that our process works in influenza infected mice that are inoculated with 100 times the lethal dose of virus."

The author said the new therapy may prove effective against other pathogenic virus infections such as hepatitis B, HIV and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV).

https://www.purdue.edu/newsroom/releases/2020/Q4/new-therapy-for-flu-may-help-in-fight-against-covid-19.html

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-020-19386-5

http://sciencemission.com/site/index.php?page=news&type=view&id=publications%2Fa-universal-dual&filter=22