Electrophysiological studies in organoids using microelectrode array technology
Organoids and microphysiological systems are emerging biotechnologies that complement conventional two dimensional cell cultures and animal studies as realistic in vitro (patho)physiological models.
Trends toward three-dimensional cell cultures have motivated the need to measure the electrophysiological behavior of cells across all three spatial dimensions.
Progress in microfabrication technologies and additive manufacturing methods has facilitated the development of a variety of device architectures and electrode geometries for three dimensional microelectrode arrays.
Recent advances have enabled multiscale three-dimensional electrophysiological analysis by means of three main three-dimensional-microelectrode array types: conformal to the organoid, penetrating into the organoid, and embedded within the tissue.
https://www.cell.com/trends/biotechnology/fulltext/S0167-7799(26)00240-4
