Childhood obesity!
Obesity associated with the melanocortin system can be diagnosed in childhood, including both monogenic and syndromic forms.
Genetic obesity is characterized by early onset and extreme hyperphagia, although there is no precise definition for these features.
Numerous polymalformative syndromes include obesity among their main phenotypic traits. Among these are ciliopathies, in which alterations in the neuronal ciliary system can disrupt hypothalamic proopiomelanocortin neuron signaling, helping to explain the hyperphagia and obesity frequently observed in some of these disorders.
Pharmacological treatment of patients with impairment of the leptin– melanocortin pathway can be classified into specific and nonspecific treatments.
The use of these therapies is expanding to new indications, and additional treatments are under clinical investigation for both monogenic and polygenic obesity.
https://www.cell.com/trends/endocrinology-metabolism/fulltext/S1043-2760(26)00067-6
