Do animals use names?

From elephants to monkeys, and dolphins to parrots, it has been claimed that individuals can address each other using specific names.

However, much of the evidence presented on whether animals bestow names upon one another is equivocal.

The researchers review evidence for name-like calls in animals and present a set of essential criteria to guide researchers attempting to demonstrate name-like calls in their study species.

By establishing what is required to demonstrate that calls can function as actual names, future studies can be designed with these criteria in mind.

https://www.cell.com/trends/cognitive-sciences/fulltext/S1364-6613(26)00135-X

https://sciencemission.com/Conceptual-and-empirical-criteria