Microbiota in clinical cancer immunotherapy
Gut microbiota research has progressed from mechanistic studies to clinical trials, revealing strong potential to enhance cancer immunotherapy.
Fecal microbiota transplantation, single bacterial strains, and defined microbial consortia are in clinical testing; yet, standardization and implementation remain major challenges.
Donor selection, patient enrollment, microbiota implantation, antibiotic use, safety assessment, and endpoint evaluation each offer distinct opportunities and obstacles.
A ‘4D’ framework, enhancing diversity, diffusion, depth, and delicacy, can guide the optimization of microbiomebased immunotherapy.
https://www.cell.com/trends/microbiology/fulltext/S0966-842X(25)00354-3
