Tumor immunotherapy resistance reshaped by glutamine metabolic interaction network
Glutamine metabolic interaction network provides an analytical framework for organizing context-dependent glutamine-centered relationships across malignant, immune, and stromal compartments, while distinguishing metabolic association from functionally supported intercellular coupling.
Glutamine metabolism interfaces with broader amino acid, redox, lipid, and nutrient-sensing pathways, and its biological consequences vary with tumor genotype, tissue lineage, nutrient availability, cellular composition, and treatment state.
Single-cell and spatial approaches can nominate candidate glutamine metabolic interaction network states and metabolic niches, but establishing functional interactions requires validation by isotope tracing, spatial metabolite measurements, and compartment-specific perturbation.
Current clinical evidence supports neither uniform glutaminase 1 dependence nor a single preferred glutamine modulation strategy; translation will likely require state-specific patient selection and validated biomarkers.
https://www.cell.com/trends/immunology/fulltext/S1471-4906(26)00287-5
