Androgen receptor signaling is a target for cancer immunotherapy
Androgen receptor (AR) activity regulates both innate and adaptive immune responses, contributing to sex-based differences in infection risk, autoimmunity, and cancer outcomes.
Higher AR activity in men suppresses antitumor immunity and likely contributes to greater cancer incidence and mortality compared with women.
Modulating AR signaling can enhance immune responses in both hormonally driven and non-hormonally responsive tumors.
Preclinical evidence supports combining AR-targeted therapies with immune checkpoint inhibitors to improve efficacy across multiple cancer types.
Optimal integration of hormone modulation with immunotherapy will require mechanistic insights, biomarker development, and sex-specific trial designs.
https://www.cell.com/trends/pharmacological-sciences/fulltext/S0165-6147(25)00257-3
