Difference in metabolomics between fructose and high-fat high-sucrose diets

Modern diets high in fat, sucrose, or fructose drive metabolic syndrome (MetS) that vary between individuals and have diverse effect on metabolism. 

The researchers compared scRNA-seq profiles of four tissues in metabolic syndrome (MetS) models induced by fructose or high-fat high-sucrose diets (HFHS), revealing differential tissue, cellular, and molecular vulnerability between diets.

They show that hypothalamic neurons were sensitive to fructose, while adipose progenitor cells and macrophages were responsive to HFHS. They also revealed lipid metabolism and inflammation networks among peripheral tissues driven by HFHS, while both diets stimulated synaptic remodeling within the hypothalamus.

The researchers identified regulatory genes and pathways, and networks were rewired in MetS and identified mt-Rnr2 as a key regulator to both diets and mitigated diet-induced MetS by stimulating thermogenesis.

https://www.cell.com/cell-reports/fulltext/S2211-1247(25)00461-9

https://sciencemission.com/ructose-and-high-fat-high-sucrose-diets