Inflammasomes in multiple sclerosis
Inflammasomes are increasingly recognized beyond myeloid cells, with functional roles in T lymphocytes, blood–brain barrier endothelial cells, and oligodendrocytes.
Recent work reveals that T cell-intrinsic inflammasomes shape T helper cell differentiation and migration, directly impacting neuroinflammation.
Absent in melanoma (AIM)2 exerts both inflammasome-dependent and -independent functions, including stabilizing regulatory T cells (Tregs) and modulating microglial activity, and it seems more protective during neuroinflammatory diseases, such as multiple sclerosis (MS) than NLRP3.
Inflammasome activity and components are consistently upregulated inMS patients, with genetic and biomarker studies linking them to disease risk and progression.
Pharmacological and genetic targeting of inflammasomes in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis demonstrates robust therapeutic potential, paving the way for clinical translation.
https://www.cell.com/trends/immunology/fulltext/S1471-4906(25)00271-6
