Intrinsic mechanisms driving axonal regeneration

Axon-to-soma signaling events drive the changes in gene expression required for the injured axon to shift from non-elongating to growth-competent.

Genetic reprogramming of adult neurons back to a growth-compatible state relies on the activation and coordinated actions of several transcription factors and epigenetic modifiers.

Local translation supplies the injured axon with the necessary proteins to carry out the regenerative program.

Neurons activate intrinsic energetic repair mechanisms to remobilize axonal mitochondria and meet the high energy demands of the regenerative process. Several intrinsic barriers to axonal regeneration have been identified, including the presence of functional presynaptic active zones, transcriptional repressors, and inhibitors of critical regenerative signaling pathways.

https://www.cell.com/trends/neurosciences/fulltext/S0166-2236(24)00181-4

https://sciencemission.com/The-injured-axon:-intrinsic-mechanisms-driving-axonal-regeneration