Blocking avian influenza virus infection using engineered Bacillus subtilis 

RNA interference for livestock disease control faces a bottleneck in target selection and delivery. 

The researchers built a probiotic delivery platform in Bacillus subtilis that packages antiviral double-stranded RNA into extracellular vesicles.

These extracellular vesicles enter chicken cells and engage both RNA interference and innate antiviral defenses.

The delivered RNA is converted into small interfering RNAs and suppresses H9N2 avian influenza more efficiently than conventional transfection.

https://www.cell.com/trends/biotechnology/fulltext/S0167-7799(26)00238-6

https://sciencemission.com/Engineered-Bacillus-subtilis-to-deliver-dsRNA