Dopamine neuron vulnerability in Parkinson’s disease

Loss of vulnerable neurons in Parkinson’s disease (PD) is likely to involve a combination of cell-autonomous and non-cellautonomous mechanisms. 

Multiple cell death pathways have been suspected to play a role in neuronal loss in Parkinson’s disease, including apoptosis, for which there is most support.

An energetic crisis linked to mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress is likely to contribute to the high basal vulnerability of dopamine neurons in Parkinson’s disease.

Glial cells and peripheral immune cells are increasingly recognized as probable mediators of neuronal loss in Parkinson’s disease.

Targeting individual cell death pathways as a therapeutic strategy for PD has been explored, but approaches targeting multiple pathways at once require more attention.

https://www.cell.com/neuron/fulltext/S0896-6273(25)00991-2

https://sciencemission.com/Parkinson%E2%80%99s-disease-18693