Controlling bones via neuroendocrine and nervous system
Bone is a highly organized and dynamic structure that remodels constantly throughout adult life.
Bone loss from excessive old bone resorption by osteoclasts compared to new bone formation by osteoblasts causes debilitating bone conditions like osteoporosis and metastatic bone disease.
The central nervous system regulates the skeletal system via two arms — an amplitude-modulated (AM) neurohormonal arm that relies on changes in circulating levels of anterior and posterior pituitary hormones, which act on bone directly, and a frequency-modulated (FM) arm that arises from changes in the firing frequency of sympathetic, parasympathetic, and sensory nerves that innervate bone.
In this publication, the researchers review the implications of dysfunction in AM and FM arms, and the therapeutic advances.
