Immune responses in neurodegeneration

Pathogenic proteins, immune activation, genetic and various environmental or age-related stressors disrupt CNS homeostasis leading to Neurodegenerative disorders. 

Although CNS immune cells, microglia involved in the clearance of aberrant proteins, hyperactivation of microglia may also result in neuroinflammation.

Adaptive immune cells contribute additional layers of regulation, with CD8⁺ and CD4⁺ T cells exerting neuroprotective or neurotoxic effects depending on disease context, activation state, and antigen specificity.

The identification of granzyme K–expressing CD8⁺ T cells in several neurodegenerative conditions highlights the growing recognition that distinct T cell subsets may have specialized roles in disease.

In this review, the researchers discuss  various innate and adaptive immune mechanisms in neurodegeneration, and evaluate how external factors influence these responses, and discuss different therapeutic strategies that might be in play to regain CNS homeostasis..

https://www.jci.org/articles/view/199850

https://sciencemission.com/Immune-signaling-and-function-in-ND